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Follow the given steps to solve the SOP using K- map:-
1. Choose the right K-Map:
Determine the number of variables in your Boolean expression.
Select a K-Map with the corresponding size (2^n cells, where n is the number of variables).
2. Map the function:
For each combination of input values, check the truth table and mark "1" in the corresponding cell of the K-Map if the output is True. Leave unmarked cells as "0".
Remember the order of variables is crucial when filling the K-Map. Make sure it matches your truth table.
3. Identify Prime Implicants:
Prime implicants are groups of adjacent "1"s in the K-Map that cannot be further expanded without including "0"s.
Look for the largest possible groups (rectangles) containing only "1"s.
You can have horizontal, vertical, or square groups, but diagonals are not allowed.
Wrap around the edges of the K-Map if applicable (larger K-Maps).
4. Identify Essential Prime Implicants:
These are prime implicants that cannot be ignored because they cover at least one "1" not covered by any other group.
If a "1" appears in only one group, that group is essential.
If all "1"s are covered by essential prime implicants, you're done!
5. Select Implicants for Minimization (Optional):
If there are no essential prime implicants or you want to further simplify the expression, choose other prime implicants to cover all remaining "1"s.
Prioritize larger groups as they eliminate more variables.
You can use heuristics or different minimization techniques depending on your needs.
6. Write the Simplified Expression:
Based on the chosen prime implicants (essential and optional), build a Boolean expression using the remaining variables and their negations.
Each group represents a product term in the Sum-of-Products (SOP) form of the expression.
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